Achmad$502845$ - ترجمة إلى إنجليزي
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Achmad$502845$ - ترجمة إلى إنجليزي

1ST PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA FROM 1945 TO 1967
Achmad Sukarno; Ahmed Sukarno; Achmad Soekarno; Achmed Sukarno; Kusnasosro; Ir. Sukarno; Ir. Soekarno; Bung Karno; Pak Karno; Kusno Sosrodihardjo; Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia; Guntur Soekarnoputra; Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-Perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia; Heldy Djafar; Soekarno; Koesno Sosrodihardjo
  • Sukarno casting his vote at the 1955 elections
  • Sukarno (on top of the steps) reading his decree on 5 July 1959
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  • Sukarno addressing the KNIP (parliament) in [[Malang]], March 1947
  • Sukarno and Foreign Minister [[Agus Salim]] in Dutch custody, [[Parapat]] 1949.
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  • The Merdeka Palace]] on August 2, 1963.
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  • The structure of Sukarno's guided democracy in 1962
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  • 100000 [[rupiah]] banknote honoring Sukarno, issued 2016
  • Sukarno, accompanied by Mohammad Hatta (right), declaring the independence of Indonesia.
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  • ABC]] report of the political tensions at end of the Sukarno era
  • Sukarno with [[John F. Kennedy]] in 1961.
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  • Sukarno (right) with [[John Foster Dulles]] (left) and [[Richard Nixon]] (center) in 1956.
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  • Sukarno with fellow defendants and attorneys during his trial in [[Bandung]], 1930
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  • Sukarno
  • Sukarno shakes hands with the Japanese director of the Interior for occupied [[Dutch East Indies]], General [[Moichiri Yamamoto]], September 1944
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  • News footage of Sukarno's inauguration as president
  • Sukarno's official portrait used in the 1960s, complete with military-style decorations.
  • HBS]] student in [[Surabaya]], 1916
  • Sukarno during a visit to [[Makassar]], 30 April 1945
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  • ABC]] report examining Sukarno's alliance between imperial Japan and the Indonesian nationalist movement
  • Sukarno and Nixon in 1956.
  • Sukarno with Fatmawati and five of their children. Clockwise from center: Sukarno, Sukmawati, Fatmawati, Guruh, Megawati, Guntur, Rachmawati
  • Sukarno with his father, Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo
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  • U.S. House speaker]] [[Sam Rayburn]].
  • Sukarno with his mother, Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai
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Achmad      
n. Achmad (Arabische naam)

ويكيبيديا

Sukarno

Sukarno or Soekarno ( soo-KAR-noh, Indonesian: [suˈkarno]; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, Javanese: [ˈkʊsnɔ]; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.

Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence in 1949.

After a chaotic period of parliamentary democracy, Sukarno established an autocratic system called "Guided Democracy" in 1959 that successfully ended the instability and rebellions which were threatening the survival of the diverse and fractious country. In the early 1960s Sukarno embarked on a series of aggressive foreign policies under the rubric of anti-imperialism and personally championed the Non-Aligned Movement. These developments led to increasing friction with the West and closer relations with the USSR. After the events surrounding the 30 September Movement of 1965, the military general Suharto largely took control of the country in a Western-backed military overthrow of the Sukarno-led government. This was followed by repression of real and perceived leftists, including executions of Communist party members and suspected sympathisers in several massacres with support from the CIA and British intelligence services, resulting in an estimated 500,000 to over 1,000,000 deaths. In 1967, Suharto officially assumed the presidency, replacing Sukarno, who remained under house arrest until his death in 1970.